Write About a Book You Have Read free essay sample

It was composed by Nadia Khan, scandalous essayist in Malaysia. I began to peruse the book seven days prior, in which 2 months after I got it. At one exhausted night, after I have nothing to do, I began to peruse the principal sentence of ‘KELABU’ and shockingly, I just quit perusing it following six hours. It truly shows how the book gave a major effect on me to continue perusing. What makes this book became intriguing is on the grounds that the essayist utilized a lofty and splendid words to draw in youth like me. Not at all like ordinary Malay epic I have perused previously, the storyline was completely extraordinary and unforeseen. That makes individuals continue perusing enthusiastically to realize what the story was doing. I proceed with read the book persistently despite the fact that it has in excess of 400 pages. As I referenced previously, the story was emphatically stunning with its contort storyline. Essentially, the book is about Amir, the fundamental character of this story whom battled enough to locate the significance of genuine romance in his life. We will compose a custom article test on Expound On a Book You Have Read or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He has been dumped by one young lady that he cherished the most while they were concentrating in Germany. Amir likewise has a family strife since his folks isolated when he was a little child without him knowing a legitimate explanation of his parents’ separate. That makes him to additionally concentrate in Art and Design course at Germany where his mom lived with her new family and with aim to bring back his mom into the family. Amir additionally has a closest companion named Shah that he met at Germany. Shah consistently remains there with Amir to offer him an ethical help and guidance in regards to Amir’s issues. The contention just began after I read half of the book and it stunned me as far as possible. This is on the grounds that Amir was really Amira, a young lady whom confronting character disarray when she had a mishap long time previously. From the effect of the mishap, she began to change like a kid sincerely and truly. That clarified why the young lady dumped her. She was battle enough in her life while looking with a large number of contention with her folks, closest companion, ex, associates and individuals around her. Luckily, Shah came out as a legend to address the wronged way that Amira or known as Amir toward the picking the correct way in her life and atones from every last bit of her wrongdoings previously. The contention itself shows the importance of ‘KELABU’ or how uncertain things occurred in Amira’s life. The issue of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) jumped out from this book is to shows that it truly occurred in our locale these days. Be that as it may, it relies upon how we respond with these individuals in regards to the LGBT issue. Other than that, this book likewise featured the quandary of single parent ascending his little girl in an incorrect manner until his lone kid decided to turn into a person rather than a young lady. For me, this book truly opened my eyes about the estimation of family bonds, fellowship and connections. I would suggest ‘KELABU’ as an awesome and fascinating book to peruse for a youngsters like me who consistently despises any lovey dovey ordinary romantic tale.

Econ paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Econ paper - Essay Example The key purpose for rising understudy obligation is that in the serene time, before the Great Recession, a huge number of energetic Americans tied down credits to experience college, just to graduate in an economy that didn't generally require laborers any more. The alumni are accordingly thinking that its more hard to reimburse their advances than they presumably had foreseen (Lankford, 67). Pardoning the understudy obligation would bring about a quick impact on the economy. Mindful people who committed themselves to tightening a college degree would have all the more additional dollars consistently to utilize and this would fuel the economy by and by. The additional dollars being siphoned into the economy would result to a duplicating result, in contrast to the majority of the arrangements of the most recent impetus bundle. Subsequently, there will be an expansion in charge income, the credit markets will be dynamic and there will be formation of employments. Customers spending represents multiple thirds of the entire US economy and in the present months, there has been a decline in buyer spending at a disturbing and exceptional rate. In this way, it is sensible to contend that the speediest way of resuscitating the weak economy is to act definitely to get shoppers to spend (Lankford, 68). This proposition would quickly recover the lodging business sector, travel and the travel industry, the vehicle business, strong products and different various areas of the economy. This is on the grounds that the people who keep up those parts will have a ton of additional dollars to spend every month. The inspiring component in the economy today is dread. Except if the people in the white collar class feel good enough that they will have their medical coverage, employments and extra cash to utilize the next month, however the month following that, the economy can't and won't in fact develop sufficiently quick to keep away from the dying (Lankford, 69). As indicated by examiners, the understudy obligation credit has an expansive financial effect. In a report that was distributed

American Ganster Free Essays

The film presents us the life in the Harlem during the 1970s. Denzel Washington plays Frank Lucas and was an average individual from the hoodlum who sneaks the city to murder someone for an expense. Despite the fact that he was a heartless hooligan he was adored by his kin and consistently had the opportunity to take his mom to chapel. We will compose a custom article test on American Ganster or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now With his cutthroat and tenacious character he was employed as the individual driver and right-hand man of Harlem’s tranquilize head honcho, Ellsworth â€Å"Bumpy† Johnson. Obscure to him this would lead his life to riches and afterward to disorder. For the survey, the setting of the film is great and it depicts the genuine mood of the 70s during the time that medications are wild and uncontrolled. Executive Ridley Scott has to be sure consummated this film to ensure watchers can feel the genuine environmental factors, how the individuals in Harlem associate and how Frank Lucas and his men governed over the city. Ridley likewise appropriately chose the on-screen characters for their job and introduced in them the character that coordinates their job. The film is reasonable on the grounds that it depended on a genuine story and transfers to us the genuine occasion and circumstances during that period. The proposition of this film can be found in its specific circumstance. The title itself shows a more extensive image of a country that is breaking down due to prostitution, illicit weapon and medication exchange which was widespread during the 6Os and 70s. The hugeness of the story associates when the US is making war with Vietnam and incites political impact of President Nixon and his motivation with different nations. Political precariousness made unbound association among country and this time Vietnam turned into the wellspring of illicit medication exchanging and in the long run entered the primary heart of New York. The Harlem, be that as it may, was where police can't infiltrate and control since criminals have had the option to arm themselves and repulse any power that goes into their regions. The impact of medications and cash has contaminated the law and New York got occupied by degenerate cops and state authorities who are under the finance of the medication rulers. Medications directed the status of life and hoodlums were administering everything and everyone. The primary subject of this film is likewise clear. Medications make malicious men and malevolence men make drugs. It is a ceaseless procedure and has been a social ailment for longer than a century. What makes medications to be the foundations of underhandedness is the cash include in the exchange. Medications and cash constantly connect and cash can purchase and move everything paying little heed to any political or legal impediment. A wide range of violations radiate from avarice of cash and cash originates from drugs without any problem. By chance, the ethical fiber of our law can't be underestimated. Someone who might be listening doesn't concur with the messed up legal framework and will approaches to put a stop on this. For this situation, Russel Crowe who plays the analyst chases Frank and put him in jail. He assumes his job viably by exposing Frank to cross examination and plans everything to nail him down. In spite of the fact that the unlawful exchange has just tainted the police constrain, it was the ethical Crowe who have removed the tree that is bearing the natural product. At long last, the great beats insidious (Scott). Watchers appraised this film with four stars if the reason for the ideal score is five. As needs be, this film resembled the cutting edge â€Å"Scarface† which story was additionally based from illicit medication exchange, wrongdoing and retribution during the 1930s criminal period. Despite the fact that the occasions in this film were not very surprising contrasted with Scarface, the film likewise spin in the subject of illicit exchanging, wrongdoing and debasement. The main contrast is the plot of the story which occurs in little rural dark zone and the greater part of the significant stars are additionally dark. Scarface is a fiction yet American Gangsters is based from a genuine story. My very own view for this film is decidedly higher than four stars since it got my enthusiasm from the earliest starting point of the story up to its end. It doesn't constrain you to watch the full film yet stuck you to the screen engrossing everything that you see. It occurs in a genuine dramatization and each scene was grippingly marvelous and intriguing. Denzel Washington, Russel Crowe and the chief just as the individuals who made this film must be cheered for the activity very much done. Work Cited American Gangster. 2007. Ridley Scott, et al. , November 2, 2007. Instructions to refer to American Ganster, Papers

Record-keeping for Your 529

One of the under-appreciated conveniences provided by a 529 plan is that you donï ¿ ½t have to keep your own records showing the history of your contributions and withdrawals. The tracking of your tax "basis" is performed for you by the program manager. Until you begin taking distributions, you wonï ¿ ½t have to devote file cabinet space to your 529 plan, and you also wonï ¿ ½t run the risk of making a mistake in tracking basis that could result in an underpayment or overpayment of tax. Your primary record keeping responsibility comes down the road, in a year you take distributions from your 529 account. Youï ¿ ½ll have to tally the qualified higher education expenses (QHEE) of your beneficiary for that year, which includes tuition, mandatory fees, and required books, supplies, and equipment. For students pursuing a degree on at least a half-time basis, QHEE also includes a capped amount of room and board. And "special needs items" can be counted for as-yet undefined "special needs beneficiaries." If you, or your beneficiary, are claiming certain other education tax benefits, such as the Hope or lifetime learning credit, youï ¿ ½ll have to reduce total QHEE under the anti-double-dipping rules. The new total is called "adjusted" qualified higher education expenses, or AQHEE. Whenever total AQHEE for the year is equal to, or more than, the distributions from the 529 plan for that same year, youï ¿ ½re pretty much doneï ¿ ½thereï ¿ ½s no income to report. You or your beneficiary (depending on how you choose to have the distributions paid) will receive a Form 1099-Q from the 529 plan showing your total distributions for the year, the earnings portion of those distributions, and the basis portion. But the earnings and basis figures become meaningless. In fact, nothing at all needs to show on Form 1040. Unless your own state has some special requirement relating to its state tax incentives or a contribution matching program, you will not be required to report your beneficiaryï ¿ ½s college expenses directly to his or her school, to the 529 plan, or to anyone else. However, just like with charitable donations and property tax deductions, you will need to maintain your receipts and other records of AQHEE in preparation for the day the IRS selects your tax return for examination and asks to see documentation. If the amount of AQHEE falls below the amount of distributions, the difference is known as a non-qualified distribution and the tax picture changes. Some or all of the earnings reported on Form 1099-Q will have to be included as income on the Form 1040 of the 1099-Q recipient. The amount to report must be calculated under a formula described in IRS Publication 970 that uses the ratio of non-qualified distributions to total distributions The taxable earnings will also be subject to an additional 10-percent tax penalty, unless an exception applies. Here are a few tricky parts to these tax rules: The adjustments that take QHEE to AQHEE. For example, using $10,000 in tuition to generate a $2,000 lifetime learning credit means a $10,000 reduction in 529-qualified expenses, even when you can show that the 529 money went to pay for that tuition. You (and your tax preparer if you use one) should plan for this beforehand. Many taxpayers will have their choice of education tax benefits and they must decide on the approach that gives them the biggest break. Significantly, when an adjustment to QHEE results in taxable income on 529 distributions, the 10-percent penalty is waived. Room and board. If the student is living off-campus, youï ¿ ½ll need to ask the school for its cost-of-attendance allowance for room and board as reported to the U.S. Department of Education. Be sure you can document the studentï ¿ ½s expenses for room and board up to the schoolï ¿ ½s allowance. Although not technically necessary, itï ¿ ½s a good idea to document some expenses over and above the allowance in the event you and the IRS cannot agree on whether certain costs, such as beer or protein shakes, are properly considered part of room and board. Allocation of expenses. Itï ¿ ½s conceivable, but not common, that Forms 1099-Q will be issued to multiple recipients for the same tax year. For example, you, the student beneficiary, and even the grandparents with their own 529 accounts may all be receiving distributions. If this happens, youï ¿ ½ll need to divvy up the AQHEE among the Form 1099-Q recipients. The IRS does not provide any rules for allocating the expenses, so youï ¿ ½ll have to agree on a reasonable approach if you ever face this situation. Originally Posted February 20, 2009 One of the under-appreciated conveniences provided by a 529 plan is that you donï ¿ ½t have to keep your own records showing the history of your contributions and withdrawals. The tracking of your tax "basis" is performed for you by the program manager. Until you begin taking distributions, you wonï ¿ ½t have to devote file cabinet space to your 529 plan, and you also wonï ¿ ½t run the risk of making a mistake in tracking basis that could result in an underpayment or overpayment of tax. Your primary record keeping responsibility comes down the road, in a year you take distributions from your 529 account. Youï ¿ ½ll have to tally the qualified higher education expenses (QHEE) of your beneficiary for that year, which includes tuition, mandatory fees, and required books, supplies, and equipment. For students pursuing a degree on at least a half-time basis, QHEE also includes a capped amount of room and board. And "special needs items" can be counted for as-yet undefined "special needs beneficiaries." If you, or your beneficiary, are claiming certain other education tax benefits, such as the Hope or lifetime learning credit, youï ¿ ½ll have to reduce total QHEE under the anti-double-dipping rules. The new total is called "adjusted" qualified higher education expenses, or AQHEE. Whenever total AQHEE for the year is equal to, or more than, the distributions from the 529 plan for that same year, youï ¿ ½re pretty much doneï ¿ ½thereï ¿ ½s no income to report. You or your beneficiary (depending on how you choose to have the distributions paid) will receive a Form 1099-Q from the 529 plan showing your total distributions for the year, the earnings portion of those distributions, and the basis portion. But the earnings and basis figures become meaningless. In fact, nothing at all needs to show on Form 1040. Unless your own state has some special requirement relating to its state tax incentives or a contribution matching program, you will not be required to report your beneficiaryï ¿ ½s college expenses directly to his or her school, to the 529 plan, or to anyone else. However, just like with charitable donations and property tax deductions, you will need to maintain your receipts and other records of AQHEE in preparation for the day the IRS selects your tax return for examination and asks to see documentation. If the amount of AQHEE falls below the amount of distributions, the difference is known as a non-qualified distribution and the tax picture changes. Some or all of the earnings reported on Form 1099-Q will have to be included as income on the Form 1040 of the 1099-Q recipient. The amount to report must be calculated under a formula described in IRS Publication 970 that uses the ratio of non-qualified distributions to total distributions The taxable earnings will also be subject to an additional 10-percent tax penalty, unless an exception applies. Here are a few tricky parts to these tax rules: The adjustments that take QHEE to AQHEE. For example, using $10,000 in tuition to generate a $2,000 lifetime learning credit means a $10,000 reduction in 529-qualified expenses, even when you can show that the 529 money went to pay for that tuition. You (and your tax preparer if you use one) should plan for this beforehand. Many taxpayers will have their choice of education tax benefits and they must decide on the approach that gives them the biggest break. Significantly, when an adjustment to QHEE results in taxable income on 529 distributions, the 10-percent penalty is waived. Room and board. If the student is living off-campus, youï ¿ ½ll need to ask the school for its cost-of-attendance allowance for room and board as reported to the U.S. Department of Education. Be sure you can document the studentï ¿ ½s expenses for room and board up to the schoolï ¿ ½s allowance. Although not technically necessary, itï ¿ ½s a good idea to document some expenses over and above the allowance in the event you and the IRS cannot agree on whether certain costs, such as beer or protein shakes, are properly considered part of room and board. Allocation of expenses. Itï ¿ ½s conceivable, but not common, that Forms 1099-Q will be issued to multiple recipients for the same tax year. For example, you, the student beneficiary, and even the grandparents with their own 529 accounts may all be receiving distributions. If this happens, youï ¿ ½ll need to divvy up the AQHEE among the Form 1099-Q recipients. The IRS does not provide any rules for allocating the expenses, so youï ¿ ½ll have to agree on a reasonable approach if you ever face this situation. Originally Posted February 20, 2009

Serving Lunch For School Children Essay - 1402 Words

Serving lunch to school children began with private organizations making donations to a handful of schools. In the peak of the 20th century, concern over children’s nutrition caused balanced meals to be provided to students during their lunch hour. Philadelphia began to serve lunches for one cent in 1894. Eventually their penny lunch program was extended to eight other schools throughout the city. In January 1910, schools in Boston began serving lunch to elementary school students three days a week. On the other days, a simple meal of milk and sandwiches was served. Since there was no lunchroom in the building, students would eat at their desks (Avey, 2015). At long last, the school lunch program was made official in 1946 when President Harry Truman signed the National School Lunch Act. The National School Lunch Act of 1946 states: â€Å"It is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress, as a measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the Nation’s children and to encourage the domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities and other food, by assisting the States, through grants-in aid and other means, in providing an adequate supply of food and other facilities for the establishment, maintenance, operation and expansion of nonprofit school lunch programs† (Avey, 2015). Unfortunately, the school lunch program made little progress after that. Without any sort of guarantee of the success of the school lunch program in the years ahead,Show MoreRelatedShould School Lunches Be Banned?1565 Words   |  7 PagesA child spends the majority of their childhood in a school. In schools, students acquire the academic knowledge and life skills that they need to carry out a successful life—ranging from learning basic math to how to tie their shoes. Another big part of school is the lunch hour. Lunch is a period in which students can get a break from classes, socialize, and refuel their minds to tackle the rest of the day. But school lunches have been known for being unhealthy and bad for students to consumeRead MoreThe National Lunch Program1342 Words   |  6 Pagesor spaghetti: these all may sound like delicious options, but are they healthy to be serving students for school lunch? All of these foods are common items one might find in a school lunc h line, whether it is elementary, middle, or high school. Normally these foods may not be seen as nutritional, and because of this, school lunches are often not viewed as healthy. The people who have this opinion about school lunches may not know the facts and the guidelines that food and nutrition departmentsRead MoreSchool Lunches And School Lunch Program1278 Words   |  6 Pagesthe struggle in persuading students and staff members to participate in the National School Breakfast/Lunch Program, therefore decreasing sales. The foodservice component of the school is run by a separate foodservice company. This is of great benefit to the school district itself because it saves many added costs in labor, insurance, and benefits. The foodservice company has its own techniques in making school meals fun, delicious, and nutritious by incorporating different promotions throughoutRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagespurchase food for themselves and t heir family. When children experience hunger if affects them both physically and psychologically. â€Å"Children who are denied an adequate diet are at a greater risk of not reaching their full potential as individuals. Undernourished youngsters have trouble concentrating and bonding with other children and are more likely to suffer illnesses resulting in school absences.† (Karger, p 371) It is important for children to meet their full potential in order for society toRead MoreHealthy School Lunches1094 Words   |  5 PagesHealthy School Lunches Waking up to go to high school every day isn’t the most fun thing on earth. Sitting through a few boring classes that seem to drag on forever isn’t an exciting way to spend a day as a kid. But, there is one part of school that everyone looks forward to; lunch. After waiting through a couple periods a student can talk openly with his or her peers, and enjoy some food that the school provides. That is, until, something gets slopped onto their plate that looks like cardboardRead MoreThe School Lunch Program Is Essential For The Health And Wellbeing Of The Nation s Children1585 Words   |  7 PagesIn the school lunch policy market and non-market failure apply. I have chosen the school lunch system because it stems into the obesity epidemic. Obesity is a huge part of our society, and the school lunch system plays a part in it. The purpose of the national school lunch program is to safeguard the health and wellbeing of the nation’s children. The school lunch program was declared in 1946 by congress in the national school lunch act. The school lunch program makes it possible for schools to serveRead MoreAccording To Kimbro, â€Å"Approximately One-Third Of U.S. Children1744 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Kimbro, â€Å"Approximately one-third of U.S. children are overweight, and sixteen percent are obese.† (Kimbro 20). This quote refers to children who are struggling with overweight problems at an early age and more likely to become overweight adolescents and adults. Kimbro gives the reader a very clear, concise definition of childhood obesity without using vague, euphemistic, or emotive language (Chaffee 2012). Obese and overweight children are increasingly diagnosed with type two diabetes,Read MoreFast Food Should Not Be Served For School Lunch Menu946 Words   |  4 Pages22 years, the public school system has been serving unhealthy foods to kids (Psyche Pascual).Schools are changing salad bars for ice cream bars and fruit for candy. Your body is not designed for harsh amounts of sodium, fat, and sugar. In the school system, kids should be allowed to only choose healthy alternatives. The community and parents need to change laws to promote healthy nutrition in schools. There are overwhelmingly too many obese children because of school lunch menu. Fast food shouldRead MoreChildhood Obesity: The Government Must Take Action Essay914 Words   |  4 Pagesyears. The prevalence of obesity among children aged 6 to 11 years increased from 6.5% in 1980 to 19.6% in 2008[†¦] adolescents aged 12 to 19 years increased from 5.0% to 18.1%.† (CDC 2010) Parents have started to file complaints with school districts and state representatives about the lack of attention this issue is receiving. There have been several references to the school lunch program and the lack of physical activity that children are provided during the school day. On the other side, some parentsRead MoreThe Importance Of Healthy Eating And Reducing Child Obesity1212 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1946 President Truman signed into legislation that children living beneath the poverty line would receive free or reduced lunch. This would be the start of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Free or reduced lunch for students who live in low income homes was intended to make sure lower socioeconomic children grew up to be healthy adults. The importance of healthy eating for children in the United States first started in the 1940’s with concerns that men who did not pass military entry exams

Determinants of Marijuana Use Essay - 1052 Words

Marijuana is a popular and universal drug. It is easily accessible to most people and is the number one illicit drug used in North America. Although the availability and knowledge of this drug is fairly equal for all people in North America, marijuana tends to be more prevalent in teenagers and young adults. Maisto, Galizio, and Conners (2004) reported that use of marijuana [in young people] was 8.0% among those aged 12-17; 16% among those aged 18-25, as compared to 6.8% among those aged 26-34; and 2.4% among those 35 and older. People of all ages, races, and religions use marijuana and have their own reasons to use it. Young people first try marijuana because of some common reasons. Some teenagers feel pressured by their peers to†¦show more content†¦With this high percentage of students using marijuana and the availability of the drug being so vast, teenagers find it hard to stay away from this substance. As some teenagers are pressured in to using marijuana, others are in terested in experimentation. Many young people who are curious about drugs tend to try marijuana because it is viewed as the safest illicit drug. The popularity of the drug, talk of legalization, and media all contribute to marijuana being seen as a safe drug. Aforementioned, many young people use this highly accessible drug. People begin to think that if everyone else is doing it without harm, then they can too. It is well known that marijuana alone has never lead to death and has only been associated with fatal accidents when combined with alcohol or other drugs. These unthreatening ideas of marijuana combined with the constant debate about legalizing or decriminalizing the drug, persuade people to believe that it is safe and will not do them any harm. The most significant way this idea is developing is through the media. Although there are many anti-drug commercials and campaigns, the amount of television shows, movies and songs involving marijuana outweigh them all. In an articl e about marijuana in the media, Gary Oetjen, assistant Drug Enforcement Administration special agent, says that television is glamorizing the usage of [marijuana] and these young kids believe they can get awayShow MoreRelatedHealth Policies and Health Determinants1438 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society. What are the determinants of health in humans? What is the connection between how a society defines health and how it pursues health? Has increased access to technology changed that perception over the last decade? Discuss the connection between health policies, health determinants, and health. Abstract Health policies, health determinants and health are all categories that are intertwined with one another. As technologyRead MoreThe Psychological And Psychological Aspects Of Drug Use Prevention Programs1593 Words   |  7 Pagescan be done to prevent adolescent marijuana users from shifting to harder drug use?† This paper specifically is referring to adolescents within a secondary education level, between the ages of 12 to 19. Introduction This paper will emphasize the necessity of school-based drug use prevention programs by supporting the psychological growth and understanding of the harmful effects of drug abuse. Forming healthy parent-child relations, external social determinants, and the neurobiological imbalanceRead MoreSubstance Abuse : A Public Health Problem Among American Children And Adolescents1561 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance use and abuse is a definitely a public health problem among American children and adolescents. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, substance abuse is the excessive use of a drug or the use of a drug without medical justification. There are various different substances that adolescents are abusing. Alcohol is the most abused in adolescence with four in ten high school seniors consuming some type of alcoholic beverage in the past month and more than one in five engaging in bingeRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1565 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana Legalization From mandatory crop to illegal drug, cannabis has gone from revered to criminal in the course of United States history. Its fall from grace has been an education in mass hysteria, propaganda, market manipulation and greed. Fortunately, for those suffering debilitating medical conditions and those that wish to enjoy its euphoric effects alike, it appears that the pendulum is swinging in the opposite direction. The close of the 2015 legislative session revealed a potentialRead MoreBefore Delving Into The Economics Of The Proposed Policy,1554 Words   |  7 PagesBefore delving into the economics of the proposed policy, the paper will first show why marijuana is the safer alternative, but as previously mentioned, alcohol and marijuana are still harmful to the body, just in different magnitudes. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been able to directly identify 30 diseases that are attributable to alcohol consumption and although these disorders are not as fatal as other chronic d iseases, they still rank fourth among the most disabling diseases in lowRead MoreAlcohol And Cannabis : The Second And Third Most Consumed Drugs Behind Tobacco For New Zealanders Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pages2007). Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) exhibits the highest rate of cannabis use in the world, with 9.1-14.6% of the population aged 16-64 using cannabis. In conjunction, more than one third (males 38.5%, females 37.9%) of New Zealand youths aged 13-17 have smoked marijuana at least once, with 7.9% of males and 5.7% of females indicating weekly use (Watson, Clark, Sporle, Merry, Adair, et al., 2003). Alcohol use is much more prevalent, with 95% of the New Zealand population aged 16-64 havingRead MoreTreatment For Diabetes Requires Refining And Management Of The Patient s Lifestyle921 Words   |  4 Pagesliving with diabetes. Reducing the symptom Is sometimes much more than Changing a person s â€Å"bad habits† it s fixing the problem at its core. This means extra efforts are needed to address the problems with the disease and change the societal determinants at the root of these problems. Future plans for diabetes involve, increasing knowledge of the disease and its prevention, creating research into a cure, and promoting a better system of support for people with the disease. Many health care specialistRead MoreThe Problem Of Health And Wellbeing1506 Words   |  7 Pagesnecessary to be aware how problems of socio-economic status and race lead into child protection conclusion. One research finding showed some factor of disadvantages such as neglect as the primary form of child abuse, violence, poor housing and substance use that affects the decision in child welfare system (Stokes Schmidt 2011). Another study revealed that Indigenous children in Australia are ten times most likely to be subjected to some sort of child protection order. One reason that was discussed wasRead MoreDrug Testing Of Middle School Students1251 Words   |  6 Pageswho were randomly drug tested are less likely to continue the drug use as an adult. Studies show that when students get jobs, money, and cars they have the easiest access to drugs. Among the studies it has been found that students who have drug tests earlier in life will be less likely to continue the drug use. By drug testing young kids you can show them that there is consequences for their actions. Often times the spike in drug use among students is noticeable in the junior year of high school. OnceRead MoreHealth Inequalities Experienced By Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People1222 Words   |  5 Pagesau/publications/achieving-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-health-equality-within-generation-human#a-the Health inequities are extremely detrimental and could be abridged by a development of government policies. 2. Choose 1 of the following 3 determinants. Analyse the impact it has on the health inequalities you have described in Question 1. (8 marks): a) Sociocultural – family, peers, media, religion and culture b) Socioeconomic – employment, education and income c) Environmental – geographical

Journal Business Social Review In Emerging -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Business Social Review In Emerging? Answer: Introducation The purpose of this report is to analyze different communication skills used by individuals and the ways in which such skills will result in improvement in communication. This report focuses on the particular communication skills which are essential for success of a business organization. This report further analyzes the tools of communication which are essential for developing a communication system. It is to be stated that the report aims to provide a concept of communication which is brief and also focuses on various models and issues which are related to communication. In addition this report also will also provide a reflection which is based on interpersonal communication skills of the researcher. Such reflection will take into account the results that are obtained by using the tools of communication. In this report five communication skills have been used to obtain the results. It is to be mentioned that the tools of communication help individuals in figuring out the flaws and errors in their communication skills. It also assists people in finding out the qualities they lack. It is to be said that questionnaires which provide an insight into the confidence possessed by people while communicating with others and personality of people are used to understand and assess the personality of people (Shwom and Snyder, 2015). The tools used to assess communication skills in this case are: People skills Non Verbal communication Presentation Skills Verbal communication Self Perceived Communication Competence scale(SPCC) It can be mentioned that each of these skills test is essential as it helps me to assess the areas which need improvement and also the style of communication which has been adopted by me. Each of the communication tools uses a different set of questionnaires which aims to assess the different factors of communication skills and allows individuals to rectify their communication skills based on the results of such questionnaires. People skills test- The first test that has been undertaken by me to assess my communication skills is the people skills test. It is to be stated that in modern times the people skill test is one of the most important tools that helps to evaluate and assess how good people are in communicating with others. According to Shwom and Snyder(2015), it can be said that possessing a skill to converse with people effectively is essential in every profession. The people skill test is also known as the soft skills test. People skills are an important aspect in all professional environments. People skills or soft skills are essential when leading a group or applying for jobs at managerial levels. It is to be stated that the result of this test ranges from 16-80. However the result of the test undertaken by me came to be 57. This result indicates that I prefer to collaborate with groups. However this shows that I stay under a lot pressure in critical and tense situations. (Refer to appendix 1 for results) Non verbal Communication test- It is to be said that the individuals communicate more with others non-verbally. Sixty percent of human communication is done non-verbally. Non verbal communication includes the usage of facial expressions, gestures and body language. People consciously and unconsciously use the aforementioned gestures to attract the attention of the listeners. Using gestures and facial expressions while conversing with someone also helps in attracting the listeners attention and make such listener feel strongly about what the speaker is saying. Non-verbal communication is of utmost importance in the professional field as much is lost between what is said and what is understood. The results of the nonverbal communication test ranges from 15 to 40 points. The result of the test undertaken by me lies between the range of 35-40 points. This indicates that I am an excellent communicator. (Refer to appendix 2) Presentation Skills test- This tool helps to assess the confidence level of individuals while making presentations. It can be said that this tool also assesses the level of relaxation and confidence possessed by people while giving a presentation. It can be said that presentation skills are important in the professional field as most of the business deals and meeting are done by making presentation. The result of this test ranges from 14-70. However, my result of this test falls in the range 52-70. Therefore, it can be said that I am excellent when it comes to giving presentations. The presentations demonstrated by me are very interesting and well suited for the audience. (Refer to appendix 3) Verbal communication test- It is to be mentioned that the verbal communication test is conducted to assess how easily people carry out a particular task without anyones help. This test indicates to what extent an individual depends on others for getting a particular task done. The results of this test ranges from 20 to over 110. However my score in this test falls in the range of 81-110. Therefore, it can be said that I can and am willing to work with people but my skills are not as refined as my co workers. However, I need to work on accurately paraphrasing work, ability to remain calm in tense situations and non verbal cues. (Refer to appendix 4) Self Perceived Communication Competence Scale (SPCC) test- This test is used to analyze the nature of individuals and the way they perceive others. It can also be used for assessing how people change their communicating style and react in different situations (Argenti, 2015). This test also analyzes the competency level which is required by people to communicate at different aspects of life. My overall score of this test came to be 87.5. This score is relatively high which indicates that I am competent to communicate freely with people. However, it is to be mentioned that competency to communicate varies in case of communicating with different people. It can be noted that a high value of competency level indicates that self perceived communication of an individual is strong. In my case it is clearly evident that I am more competent in communicating with friends and acquaintances. Therefore after analyzing the results of these five tests I have been able to identify the areas of communication which needs improvement. I need to improve my soft skills and need to communicate with people I work with more freely to be a more successful manager in the future. I have to ensure that I remain calm in tense and challenging situations so that I can handle them smoothly. I also need to work on my verbal communication skills. I need to refine my verbal communication skills to work efficiently with my co workers and remain calm in challenging situations. It can be said that I have witnessed a few incidents where my communication skills were put to test and I had failed to perform. The reason for failure to demonstrate good communication skills in those situations can be attributed to a few issues. One of the issues faced by me was the failure to understand non-verbal cues. During one incident I had failed to understand a gesture made by companion. He was using hand signals in order to communicate with me and ask me to move an object. He was using hand gestures as he was inaudible at the time. He had warned me about the presence of sharp object lying on the stage. However, my inability to understand the same resulted in sustaining severe injuries by one of the performers. This incident occurred about two months ago. It caused commotion and I was reprimanded for not understanding the hand gesture of my companion. It can be said that the occurrence of this unfortunate incident was an eye opener as it made me realize the importance of understanding non-verbal gestures in professional environment. On another occasion I was presented with the challenge of giving a presentation of a business Idea to large group of people. Although I had put in a lot of time preparing the presentation, I was not be able to explain some of the key concepts and ideas of the presentation to the people. Although the presentation had covered all the relevant points, it failed to create a lasting impression in the minds of the people. In spite of the containing all the important information such presentation failed to attract the attention of the people. They looked disinterested and distracted which in turn adversely affected my confidence further. This incident made me realize the importance of having good people skills without which it is impossible to envision myself as a good manager or leader. Communication concept and issues faced According to McQuail and Windahl (2015), one of the easiest ways of conveying information, thoughts and feelings to others is communication. It is to be mentioned that people feel the need to communicate with others to discuss their thoughts with others and add purpose to their lives. Communication is done both verbally and non verbally. Verbal communication is the most widely used mode of communication. However, it can be said that verbal communication is not possible in many instances, therefore individuals communicate with the others using non verbal methods of communication. Non verbal communication involves the use of gestures and facial expressions to communicate feelings, thoughts and information to others. On the other hand verbal communication involves the usage of words for communicating messages. It is to be stated that several tools have been developed to assess and evaluate the areas in which communication can be improved. As opined by Hampf and Mller-Pohl (2013), it is essential to understand the drawbacks that exist in the processes of communication in order to ensure that proper communication takes place on a global and regional level. According to Peleckien Polajeva (2016), it can be stated that people often fail to understand and interpret sign languages correctly and this can be regarded as a general flaw in communication. It can be said that most people fail to decipher sign languages as they are not trained to do so. Verbal communication is not possible when the speaker and the listener is at a distance. In such a case, both the speaker and listener need to communicate using sign languages and it is important for both the speaker to make the right gestures and the person, to whom the gestures are made, to understand them. Another important communication flaw which is noteworthy is the lack of confidence in people when communicating with others. As stated by Popp, Raneburger and Kaindl (2013), confidence is instrumental in making a proper and effective presentation and also addressing people in large group. It can be said that making a proper and descriptive presentation is also important describe the ideas and thoughts which cannot be clearly expressed in words. It can be said that confidently presenting ideas and thoughts to people in large groups using the pictorial medium is important as people understand the messages better when have access to visual presentation of the ideas. However, explaining the messages as displayed in the presentation to the people is important to attract the attention of the people, as people tend to feel bored and disinterested if they are not directly addressed while the presentation is being demonstrated. Therefore to sole this issue, it is important for to make the mes sages in the presentation very clear and bold and it is also important for the person giving the presentation to explain and interact with the audience while such presentation is going on. Models of communication It is to be stated that effective communication between individuals helps remove flaws and gaps in understanding (Chaney and Martin, 2013). In order to ensure that effective communication takes place between individuals, it is essential to discuss certain models of communication that have been developed for the same purpose. Belos model is one such model of promoting effective communication. This model is commonly referred to as the SMCR model because the factors of this model are similar to those of the Belos model. Both the models state that the receiver and sender need to be alert while communicating so that they interpret the messages correctly. However, basic understanding of the messages is required for interpretation and transmission of the same. According to Evans et al. (2017), it can be said that the channels used for communication will include the assistance provided by the basic senses of human beings. The basic senses include smell, taste, feel, hear and sight. It can be said that the functioning of all the five senses together is essential the development of a persona and the transmission of messages. Therefore, proper training of people needs to be given to individuals encoding and decoding messages in sign languages. It can be mentioned that Belos model provides that messages composed must be precise and consist. If the messages are clear and concise they can be easily understood. The responses of such messages can also be communicated through the aforementioned channels. This model also ensures that interpersonal communication skills are developed by individuals. This model can be applied to the individuals at the entry level who seek to improve their communication skills. The skill level of every individual is asse ssed and analyzed by this model which ensures the development of proper communication techniques. Such techniques are beneficial to the people as they help them to pursue a successful career in future. However contrary to the advantages of this model Thill Bove (2013), expressed that Schramms model could be used more effectively than the aforementioned model to enhance communication skills of individuals. It is to be mentioned that in order to develop a communication system which is effective, it is essential to assess and identify a source of communication which is proper. According to Rentz and Lent (2013), a proper source of communication aims to ensure that the developments taking pace in the communication system happens in a orderly and systematic manner. The aforementioned model is effective in identifying different segments which are related to the components of communication. The components of the communication system ensure a steady flow of messages between sender and receiver. The sender encodes the messages in the form of cryptic ones so that the messages cannot be read and understood by anyone except the receiver. The receiver upon receiving such cryptic message decodes such messages. According to Fleisher and Bensoussan (2015), this model of communication is the ultimate model which is used for the purpose of communication. It can be mentioned that this form of communicat ion style is effective in organizations which use internal facilities for sending and receiving messages. However, according to Schramm perceived and believed communication to be a continuous process. It is one of tools which are quintessential for the survival of humankind. Schramms model ensures that communication between people is carried on in an effective manner. Schramms model ensures maintenance of effective communication in all the spheres of life. This model aims to develop the listening ability of the individuals as the messages transmitted by this model are mainly encrypted. It can therefore, be said that the individuals need to understand the messages properly in order to decode them in a proper manner. This model involves a flow of messages which is continuous from both ends. Both the sender and receiver need to posses abilities in order to be effective in business scenarios. Behavioral an conceptual skills which are needed It can be said that individuals are required to apply practical and theoretical knowledge so that they can develop their communication skills. It is to be mentioned that theoretical aspect of a persons knowledge helps such person in understanding the topic in details and in broader manner. A analysis which covers all the details of a particular subject helps individuals to gain in-depth knowledge about such topic. However, practical knowledge of individuals can help people gain experience. It can be said that in the todays world individuals need to possess a wide range of experience in different fields so that they can apply for a wide range of jobs in different sectors (DiSanza and Legge, 2016). Individuals are required to assess the level of improvement needed by them in order to be successful in business. It is to be mentioned that individuals are required to develop professional skills in order to assess the issues faced by them. According to Argenti (2015), the lack in the skill set of the individuals can be identified by the different tools of communication as discussed above as well as the implications of the principles of various modes of communication. Misunderstandings in the workplace are to be avoided as they create a negative impact on the minds of the people. Misunderstandings often adversely affect the emotions of the individuals which inturn have negative impacts on them. According to Sadia et al. (2016), it can be said that people who have good listening skills and those who are emotionally competent are the ones who gain success in business. This claim can be substantiated by the fact both of the aforementioned characteristics help individuals to realize the fullest of their potentials and help them be more successful in their careers. It can be said that managers and leaders and managers are required to deal with the problem of the employees therefore, a proper understanding of the needs of the employees is essential prior to taking any decisions. Therefore it can be mentioned that having proper people or soft skills are essential to ensure that employees are encouraged. It is to be mentioned that issues faced in the process of communication can be solved by being aware of the surroundings of the individuals and by being confident. Learning how to communicate with people non-verbally is not required for most people however, understanding sign langu ages can help the communication skills of individuals to improve. Therefore it can be mentioned that people develop their communication skills depending on the capabilities and qualities possessed by such persons. Communication skill tests help individuals assess their flaws and also identify the techniques required to rectify the flaws and improve. Action Plan After doing a thorough analysis of the issues existent in my method of communication, an action plan has been developed by me to effectively improve my method of communication. The aforementioned action plan assesses the issues and suggests measures to rectify such issues. In order to develop my talents I have sought the help of the experienced teacher Violet Dhu. Mrs. Dhu has over 15 years of teaching experiences. She has a diploma in communication counselling. I have enrolled for a eight week counselling course with her. It can be said that the professional advice Mrs Dhu is expected to help me identify the flaws in communication skills and also rectify such flaws and improve my overall communication skills. Apart from seeking professional expert advice I have also consulted some books to improve my skills in communication. Some of the books that have been consulted by me are: Active listening 101: How to turn down your volume to turn up your communication skill by Emilia Hardman, 2012 Communication Apprehension, Avoidance, and Effectiveness by Richmond, Wrench and McCroskey "Power Listening: Mastering the most critical business skill" written by Bernard, T. Ferrari, 2012 It can be mentioned that by reading these books I have been able to assess how I can communicate effectively with others. For example I have been able to develop my people skills and verbal communication skills. I have been able to achieve remarkable progress in demonstrating presentations and addressing people in large groups. I have also enrolled in courses such as Diploma in communication management which will aim to improve my confidence while addressing large and small groups. Activity July August September October November December Making entries in journals about activities and progress Finding a teacher to help and advise me in my course Accessing relevant books required for improvement Enrolling in courses that provide information about of communicating with people Table: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) Reference list Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cardon, P. (2015).Business communication: Developing leaders for a networked world. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Chaney, L., Martin, J. (2013).Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. DiSanza, J. R., Legge, N. J. (2016).Business and professional communication: Plans, processes, and performance. Pearson. Evans, D. R., Hearn, M. T., Uhlemann, M. R., Ivey, A. E. (2017).Essential interviewing: A programmed approach to effective communication. Nelson Education. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Hampf, M., Mller-Pohl, S. (Eds.). (2013).Global communication electric: business, news and politics in the world of telegraphy. Campus Verlag. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015).Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. Peleckien, V., Polajeva, T. (2016). Towards sustainable entrepreneurship: role of nonverbal communication in business negotiations.Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues,4(2), 228-239. Popp, R., Raneburger, D., Kaindl, H. (2013). Tool support for automated multi-device GUI generation from discourse-based communication models. InProceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systemspp. 145-150 Rentz, K., Lentz, P. (2013).Lesikars Business Communication: Connecting in a Digital World. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Sadia, A., Salleh, B. M., Kadir, Z. A., Sanif, S. (2016). The Relationship between Organizational Communication and Employees Productivity with New Dimensions of Effective Communication Flow.Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies,2(2), 93-100. Shwom, B. G., Snyder, L. G. (2015).Business communication: Polishing your professional presence. Pearson. Thill, J. V., Bove, C. L. (2013).Excellence in business communication. Pearson. Tuna, G., Gulez, K., Gungor, V. C. (2013). The effects of exploration strategies and communication models on the performance of cooperative exploration.Ad Hoc Networks,11(7), 1931-1941

Miss Caroline Letter Essay Example

Miss Caroline Letter Essay Miss Caroline Letter Hey Dairy, Youll be happy to find out your little sister got to teach her first class! Today, I taught grade ones at Macomb down in Southern Alabama. Things are deferent around here Very different. This one little gal named Scout already knew how to read! Can you believe that? Her parents are teaching her the wrong way! The poor little girl knows nothing about real education. But luckily Ill be here to gulled her In the right direction. Also, you wouldnt believe how poor these kids are! I lent one of the boys, Walter, a quarter so the starving kid could have some lunch. He couldnt pay me back ICC! These kids will eventually clean out my wallet. I knew thing were different In the south but I had no Idea how different their lifestyles were. I had a rough start on my first day, but with my teaching skills, I can mold them Into proper children. Im missing you and everyone back home terribly, but the longer Im In the south the longer Im fixing a childs life. Hope to see all of you soon! Lots of love, your little sis We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Caroline Letter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Caroline Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Caroline Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Lynchings in America essays

Lynchings in America essays Recently, an L.A. Times article (dated 2/13/00) reviewed a new book entitled "Without Sanctuary", a collection of photographs from lynchings throughout America. During the course of the article, the author, Benjamin Schwarz, outlined some very interesting and disturbing facts related to this gruesome act of violence: Between 1882 and 1930, more than 3,000 people were lynched in the U.S., with approximately 80% of them taking place in the South. Though most people think only African Americans were victims of lynchings, during those years, about 25% were white. Data indicates that mobs in the West lynched 447 whites and 38 blacks; in the Midwest there were 181 white victims and 79 black; and in the South, people lynched 291 whites and 2,462 African Americans. Though most people believe lynchings were just the manifestation of racial hatred, the author indicates that 20% of Southern lynching victims were killed by mobs of their own race. In addition, other societies such as Ancient Rome and Greece, Germany, China, Nigeria, and East Africa lynched their own. It is for this reason that Mr. Schwarz believes lynchings cannot be explained only in terms of racism and paranoid "white psyche". To find the true reason, we must consider a different point of view. According to Mr. Schwarz, in the late 19th century, there arose in the South a large proportion of transient black men who, as their labor became expendable in an increasingly industrial and commercial economy, adopted a life of crime. In the article, Mr. Schwarz writes, "There, loosened from the traditional controls of the black family and community, many led a roaming, reckless and often violent existence." The theory goes, as these African American men moved from city to city, they became easy targets for Southern whites (and some blacks) who took it upon themselves to "punish" lawless citizens. To support his theory, Mr. Schwarz refers to data that shows "Most lynchings ...

The Great Doubling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Great Doubling - Essay Example During this time, innovations in communication and innovation made it easier for offshoring and the global migration of workers (Grossman & Rossi, 2008, p.1987).   The new wave of globalization that has swept the world has brought about both actual and perceived labor market insecurities in industrialized countries. Over the past 15 to 20 years, the number of workers who have been displaced by foreign trade and investment as well as labor inflows from India and China has increased considerably. â€Å"The Great Doubling† was a term coined by Richard Freeman to describe the increase of the global labor pool from about 1.46 billion in the 1990s to about 2.93 billion currently (doubling). Freeman (2006, p.11) argues that if the US and generally other industrialized countries are able to adjust well to this great doubling, people from these countries can be able to benefit from having all people on the same economic status.   The â€Å"great doubling† compliments well with Baldwin’s (2006, p.45) great unbundling where he argues that globalization means the great unbundling and is set to be a dominant factor in the economic field. Globalization applies pressures to an organization to relocate their resources. Before globalization reached its apex, economic interactions were bundled together such that transport costs were minimized or in some situations eliminated completely. Due to this, the number of wages to be paid plus the cost of goods was determined by the local market and not the global market. Globalization is set to bring major changes to this and thus will affect the wages of skilled and unskilled workers in both low wage countries and advanced countries.

Chemical Dependency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chemical Dependency - Research Paper Example In 2009, people between 18 and 25 had the highest levels of drug use; 21.2 percent, which is driven by the increased consumption of marijuana. Forty-two percent of those between 18 and 25; 36.3 percent among the adults between 26 and34 and among 19.2 percent of those beyond 35 years reported to be binge drinkers (UDHHS, 2010). Among the adults that were dependent on alcohol consumption, the consumption medical drugs without prescription and the use of illicit drugs was higher. Determinants of substance Abuse Different biological, environmental, social, genetic and psychological factors are linked to the increasing levels of substance abuse. The factors determining alcohol consumption include race, gender, age, ethnicity, income levels, sexual orientation and educational attainment (CDC, 2011). The abuse of drugs and other substances is strongly determined by household, interpersonal and community dynamics (CDC, 2011). Among the major influencers of drug and substance abuse are social networks, family and peer pressure, especially among adolescents. For example, different studies show that marijuana consumption was triggered by interacting with siblings and friends that take them. The in-depth understanding of these factors will form key areas in countering drug and substance abuse in America as well as elsewhere (Galea, Nandi & Vlahov, 2004). Indirect and direct financial costs Drug abuse is a principle public health problem, which impacts the society at multiple levels. Directly or indirectly, all human communities are affected by drug use and abuse, particularly at the family level. Approximate costs of substance abuse for the US Source: (NIDA, n.d) Substance abuse costs USD 484 billion every year. These figures compare, to a large extent, to the costs incurred during the fight to deal with chronic diseases. Diabetes costs USD 131.7 and Cancer takes about USD 171.6 billion in a year (NIDA, N.D). Drug abuse as major cause for the public health problems America ns view drug abuse as a principal cause of health problems. For example, tobacco contributes about 11-30 percent of cancer deaths (NIDA, n.d). The abuse of tobacco, MDMA, cocaine, steroids and amphetamines contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. Tobacco contributes about 30 percent of heart disease cases every year. In relation with the increasing spread of HIV/AIDS, 30.3 percent of the infection rates reported in 2000 (11,635) and hepatitis infections resulted from injection drug consumption. About 50 percent of the AIDS cases among children (4700 in 2002) were reportedly caused by the use of injection drug administration by the mother, or through sexual intercourse between the mother and a person infected through the channel (NIDA, n.d). Other indirect costs of substance abuse include drugged drinking, which constitutes between 10 and 22 percent of road crashes; violence, where among the people arrested for crimes like assault, theft and homicide, many were under the influence of illicit substances during the time of crime and arrest. Substance abuse is related to the acquisition of different consequences, including injuries, illness, and death – particularly following the consumption of alcohol, tobacco or other addictive drugs. During 2000, about 460,000 deaths could be traced to smoking and the abuse of drugs (NIDA, n.d). Psychological and physical

Directions in Language Essay Example for Free

Directions in Language Essay On this essay we are going to expressly talk on promoting Academic Success for ESL Students and also understanding second language acquisition for school, I will take my time to explain Linguistic processes and discusses the linguistic processes of first and second language acquisition. First language acquisition is a complex, lifelong process. And I will also explain in detail the influential factors of social and cultural processes on all aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and academic development. Students that are in English speaking Countries, who English language is very new to need to acquire profiency in the language, and this same student need to learn some things in addition such as, to learn a range of academic content, some of which they are very new to. Now let us look through these major model factors. The model defines factors that enable predictions to be made regarding English learners’ degree of second language acquisition in an academic context. Taking a critical look from the authors angle describe in detail the dimensions and components of the model and gives more clearly several currently popular types of education programs for English language learners in the United States. Such as their degree of adherence to the model. Finally, we compare the predictions of the model, using predicted rankings of relative program success, to the actual measured effectiveness of each program in producing varying degrees of English learners’ achievement gap closure with mother tongue-English speakers. Promoting Academic Success for ESL Students We are going to look critically at, why is necessary to promote academic success for ESL students and Understanding second language acquisition for school. In the recent research by (Thomas Collier, 1995) shows that when examining interactions among student background you can deduce the difference in treatment and variables and their influence on student outcomes. The two-way bilingual education at the elementary school level which was found has giving a promising program model for the long-term academic success for language minority students. Language acquisition over the years has recently become a thing of necessity for every ESL students, acquiring language as a major tool for effective learning and successful years of study. In a scenario ESL student in country such as USA. It becomes a must for such a student to learn second language, if not it will be a little bit difficulty for such a student to learn fast and even relate with other friends around. ESL students must be encouraged to relate with English speakers and language minority students learning academically through each others languages. (Virginia, George Mason University, 1995). Perceptions among staff, students, and parents that it is a gifted and talented program, leading to high expectations for student performance with this kind of influence given to both languages a level of language stability would be achieved to a large extent creating self-confidence among language minority students. The duty of parents to promote both language minority and language majority for closer home-school cooperation can not be over emphasized to help in promoting the influence academic success for ESL Student, their must be cordial relationship between ESL students and Teachers/lectures or between ESL students and other colleagues and more so between wards/guardian and ESL students and the school authorities. We must watchfully guide against racism around us and protect the interest of ESL Students. The continuous support for staff development, emphasizing whole language approaches, natural language acquisition through all content areas, cooperative learning, interactive and discovery learning, and cognitive complexity of the curriculum for all proficiency levels. . (Virginia, George mason university, 1995). The linguistic processes of first and second language acquisition: The lifelong process: For us to really understand the progresses in language acquisition during the school years, it is expedient to recognize the complex, lifelong processes we actually go through to acquire our first language and second language acquisition in parallel processes. The complex oral language development system from birth to age five is universal, without any physical disabilities or isolation from humans. But the most talented five-year-old child entering pre-nursery is not yet half-way through the process of first language development. Research heard it that Children from ages 6 to 12 will continue to acquire steady or continuous distinctions, formal discourse patterns, vocabulary, syntax, semantics, and complex aspects of pragmatics in the oral system of their first language (Berko Gleason, 1993). More so, children that are properly brought up in this level adding reading and writing to the language of listening and speaking across the globe are usually very intelligent, skilled and increase in grades level and a clear increase in language academics subject. Adolescent that eventually gained admission into high school must have learned and acquired lots of vocabulary in every discipline of study and will continue to acquire more writing skills, this process continues like that till you get to adult age. Adult age is very sensitive age as language acquisition is concerned, as an adult you may not be able to learn too more language than your first language you had acquired. So first language acquisition is an unending process throughout our lifetime (Berko Gleason, 1993; Collier, 1992a). Let us take a look Second language acquisition is also a complex phenomenon. We use some of the same processes we have used to acquire our first language, going through progressive stages and relying on native speakers to provide modified speech that we can at least partially comprehend. The influential factors of social and cultural processes There are four major component of model namely, sociocultural, linguistic, academic, and cognitive processes. These four components are interrelated together and for you to really understand their importance in developing second language acquisition processes that occurs in the school context. There is a figure below to show the interrelationship between the four components. Figure 1 Language Acquisition for School (Virginia P. Collier, 1994. ) Sociocultural processes At the center of the figure above, you will notice that other components are surrounding social and cultural processes through the process of acquiring a second language in school. It is Central to that students acquisition of language are all of the surrounding social and cultural processes occurring through everyday life within the students past, present, and future, in all contexts-home, school, community, and the broader society. The work of Sociocultural may include individual student variables such as self-esteem or anxiety or other affective factors processes in promoting second language acquisition. These factors can strongly influence the students response to the new language, affecting the process positively only when the student is in a socioculturally supportive environment. Linguistic processes: A second component of the model, consist of the technical aspects of language development â€Å"(an innate ability all humans possess for acquisition of oral language)†, as well as the acquisition of the written system of language metalinguistic, conscious and formal teaching of language in school. First and second languages across globe include the acquisition of the oral and written systems of the students, such as phonology, vocabulary, morphology and syntax, semantics, Pragmatics, paralinguistic, and discourse. (Virginia 1994. ) Academic development. A third component of the model, academic development, includes all school work in language arts, mathematics, the sciences, and social studies for each grade level, Grades K-12 and beyond. It this succeeding grade, academic work dramatically expands the vocabulary, sociolinguistic, and discourse dimensions of language to higher cognitive levels. Academic knowledge and conceptual development transfer from the first language to the second language; thus it is most efficient to develop academic work through students first language, while teaching the second language during other periods of the school day through meaningful academic content. In earlier decades in the United States, we emphasized teaching the second language as the first step, and postponed the teaching of academics. Research has shown us that postponing or interrupting academic development is likely to promote academic failure. In information driven society that demands more knowledge processing with each succeeding year, students cannot afford the lost time. (Virginia 1994. ) Cognitive development: The fourth component of this model, the cognitive dimension, has been mostly neglected by second language educators in the U. S. until the past decade. In language teaching, we simplified, structured, and sequenced language curricula during the 1970s, and when we added academic content into our language lessons in the 1980s, we watered down academics into cognitively simple. (Virginia 1994. ) Tasks we also too often neglected the crucial role of cognitive development in the first language. Now we know from our growing research base that we must address all of these components equally if we are to succeed in developing deep academic proficiency in a second language. Interdependence of the four components All of these four components-sociocultural, academic, cognitive, and linguistic-are interdependent. If one is developed to the neglect of another, this may be detrimental to a students overall growth and future success. The academic, cognitive, and linguistic components must be viewed as developmental, and for the child, adolescent, and young adult still going through the process of formal schooling, development of any one of these three components depends critically on simultaneous development of the other two, through both first and second languages. Sociocultural processes strongly influence, in both positive and negative ways, students access to cognitive, academic, and language development. It is widely advice and crucial that educators provide a socioculturally supportive school environment that enable natural language, academic, and cognitive development to flourish. (Virginia 1994) Conclusion These few points raised above I belief has shown the importance of Language Acquisition for ESL students, crucially I have been able to raise some reasonable points concerning, understanding the relevance of Language Acquisition for ESL student. Promoting academic success for ESL students Understanding second language acquisition for school Then I have been able discuss the linguistic processes of first and second language acquisition which also link to First language acquisition is a complex, lifelong process. More so, I have been able to explain the very importantly the influential factors of social and cultural processes on all aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and academic development and interrelationship between these component and why they must be put in place, if we really want to promote Language Acquisition for ESL students. Without bordering our minds for ever am sure that these points contributed have immensely added to effect of promoting Language Acquisition for ESL students, understanding the importance of first language and second language acquisition and also the processes involved in learning these first and second language. The component involved in enhancing the Language Acquisition had been enumerated above. Reference Berko Gleason, (1993); Collier, (1992) Collier P Virginia, (1995). Directions in Language Education National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. George Mason University. Vol. 1, No. 4, Collier. P. Virginia, (1997). Promoting academic success for ESL students Understanding second language acquisition for school (3rd ed. ). Woodside, NY: Bastos. Thomas Collier, (1995).

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children

Did you know that in 2011, nearly five children died every day in America from child abuse and neglect? In this research paper I will discuss what is child abuse and neglect. Then, we will discover why some parents choose to abuse their children. Next, I will dive into a discussion about the long term effects of child abuse. Finally, we will explore what age groups are affected by abuse. What is child abuse and neglect? According to Child Help, there are different forms of abuse. There is physical abuse which means any non- accidental injury to a child which includes hitting, kicking, slapping, burning, hair pulling, throwing, and whipping. There is also sexual abuse which is any sexual act between an adult and a child. This would be fondling, intercourse, and pornography. Example of another type of abuse would be emotional abuse which is any attitude or behavior that interferes with a child’s mental health. This would include yelling, screaming, shaming, and name-calling. What is neglect? Well this means a failure to provide for a child’s physical needs. There are different types of neglect such as physical, educational, emotional, medical. Physical neglect is leaving a child alone for an excessive period of time given the child's age and cognitive abilities. Educational neglect is when the Schmidt2 child is not allowed to attend school. Emotional neglect is when the parent encouraging the child to steal or engage in other illegal activities. Medical neglect is withholding medically indicated treatment from disabled infants with life-threatening conditions.Which would include a lack of supervision, inappropriate clothing for the weather, and denial of medical care. Most people wonder why parents choose to abuse their children... ...their children get an automatic child abuse charge and usually get their children taken away. Also sometimes parents have to take parenting classes to show they know they made mistakes. Work Cited Streetman, Cori P. "NATIONAL CHILDREN'S ALLIANCE." National Children's Alliance Digital Media Kit. National Children's Alliance, 2009. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Young, Daphne. "National Child Abuse Statistics." Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse. Child Help, 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Smith, Melinda. "Child Abuse & Neglect." : Recognizing, Preventing and Reporting Child Abuse. Help Guide, Aug. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Berman, Laura. "Effects of Sexual Abuse." Oprah.com. N.p., 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. McLean, Lynne. "What Is Child Abuse?" Collin County Children's Advocacy Center: Short and Long Term Effects of Abuse. Children's Advocacy Center, 2013. Web. 27 Nov. 2013.

History Of The ECCE Sector In Ireland Essay

Introduction. In this assignment I will outline and discuss the Historical Development of  the ECEC sector in Ireland. ECEC is the Early Childhood Education and Care division in Ireland. I will give a clear explanation of the rights of a child in the context of the ECEC setting. I will also give a detailed accountant of the ECEC sector and its range of occupation. I will give a detailed description of the qualifications and experience needed for work associated with one occupation in the ECEC. Finally, I will give an extensive examination of the employment and career opportunities in the childcare area. History of ECEC provision in Ireland. Pre-school education did not really exist in Ireland until the 1980s and 1990s. This was largely due to the fact that until quite recently the majority of Irish women did not work outside the home. Even if they did, childcare was usually provided by family members or child-minder’s located in the community and known to the family. The marriage bar meant that women working in the public service had to leave their jobs as soon as they got married and become stay-at-home mothers and wives. This ban was lifted in 1957 for primary school teachers, but it was 1973 before the ban was lifted for other women in the public service. The ECEC needs of babies, young children and their families were met instead by a broad range of community, voluntary and private enterprise. ECEC service provision was unregulated until 1997. When the child care regulations 2006 came into effect, no stipulation as made regarding the qualifications necessary to deliver such services beyond the person having their own children, a reference to show appropriate experience in caring for children and/or an appropriate qualification. One important initiative came from the public sector in 1969, with the opening of a state-run pre-school in Rutland street Dublin. The Department of Education worked with the Van Leer Foundation- an organisation that promotes the early education of children living in economically disadvantaged areas. Together, they set up the pre-school in Rutland Street as a template for other such pre-schools around the country. These pre-schools were known as Early Start pre-schools. A total of 40 pre-schools opened nationally- all of which are still open today. In 1992, Ireland ratified the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child. This helped to bring to public consciousness the rights of children. And in 2000,  the Department of Health and Children published the National Children’s strategy. This strategy set out a ten-year plan for the improvement of children’s lives in Ireland. One of the goals of the National Children’s Strategy is that children will receive quality supports and services to promote all aspects of their development. The strategy aims to fulfil this by providing quality childcare services and family-friendly employment measures. There have been many other significant initiatives and decisions in Ireland in recent years in an attempt to respond to the demand for equality in ECEC. In 1989 the National Forum on Early Childhood Education was established. This brought together organisations and individuals with an interest in early childhood education. In 1999 the National Voluntary Childcare Collaborative was established. Today the organisation comprises seven national non-government agencies decimated to the promotion of ECEC in Ireland. Also in 1999 the White Paper on Early Childhood Education, Ready to Learn as established. The purpose of this was to set out government policy on all issues relating to early childhood education. Quality of provision was the key theme of the White Paper. In 2002 the Centre for Early Childhood Development and Education was established. CECDE aimed to achieve the goals set out in the ready to learn (1999). The organisation was disbanded in 2008, when it was seen by the government to have achieved everything it was set up to do. The Child Care (Pre-School) regulations were established in 2006. The regulations clearly list all the requirements that must be met by organisations or individuals providing ECEC services to children aged 0-6. Sà ­olta was established in 2006. The Sà ­olta framework was developed by CECDE in a process that took over three years and involved more than 50 different organisations representing childcare workers, teachers, parents, policymakers and researchers. Sà ­olta aims to define, asses and support the improvement of quality across all aspects of practice in ECEC settings that cater for children ages 0-6. Aistear was established in 2009. In 1999, the NCCA published the Primary School Curriculum, which did direct and regulate the curriculum followed in infant classes. In 2009, the NCCA published Aistear. The ultimate aim of Aistear is the development of the whole child. Free Pre-School Year Programme. In 2010, the Department of Children and Youth Affairs introduced the Free  Pre-School Year in Early Childhood Care and Education Programme. Before this, it was only children in disadvantaged areas who could avail of free or subsidised pre-school education. The Free Pre-School Year Programme recognises that all children benefit from equality pre-school education. The programme recognises that because pre-school education in Ireland usually comes from private providers, it is expensive and therefore not available to all children, e.g. children of parent’s not working outside the home. Under the programme, pre-school provider are paid per child enrolled. The providers must meet certain criteria before entering the scheme, e.g. staff qualifications. This has had the effect of incentivising providers to meet criteria, which in turn has increased the quality of provision. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is an internationally binding agreement on the rights of children, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989. A child is defined in the UNCRC as a person under the age of 18. Ireland signed the convention on 30th September 1990 and ratified it on 28th September 1992. By ratifying the convention, the irish state committed itself to the promotion, protection and fulfilment of children’s rights as outlined by the convention. The convention incorporates children’s rights under three categories: Civil and political. Social, economic and cultural. Protection. In the ECCE settings children have the right to experience environments which meet their own specific needs. High quality early childhood programmes do not separate care from education or education from care. They provide warm, caring and stimulating environments for children. Children are deeply involved in their own learning, supported by a knowledgeable, observant staff in an environment structured to drive exploration and discovery. Equality refers to the importance of recognising different individual needs and of ensuring equity in terms of access, participation and benefits for all children and their families. Diversity refers to the diverse nature of Irish society for example in terms of social class, gender, returned Irish emigrants, family status, minority groups and the majority group. According  to the National Childcare Strategy 2006-2010 diversity and equality Guidelines for Childcare Providers the term minority group includes but is not limited to; People with a disability The traveller community Economic migrants Black Irish Irish-language speakers Refugees Asylum seekers Children with gay or lesbian parents Families of minority religious faith Under the Equal Status Acts 2000-2004, discrimination is prohibited on nine grounds; Gender Material status Family status Sexual orientation Religious belief Age Disability Race Membership of the Traveller community As a result of the multifaceted population in Ireland, practitioners work with children from minority groups and it is their task to ensure that they are integrated well into education and all children are treated equally. Equality and Diversity is just as important in childhood as the concept is in adulthood and included in many childcare documents to ensure best practice. The National Childcare Strategy gives guidelines on promoting equality and diversity in ECEC setting, as follows. Provides CDs of children’s songs in a number of different languages. The language will focus on English and Irish but educators can also include different languages from different cultures. Children can listen to them in the classroom on a regular basis. It is surprising how quickly children will pick up on new languages. Allow children regular access to art materials with which they  can paint, draw and colour different images that incorporate a range of skin tones. Children can talk about their images when they are finished. Provide toys or images familiar to an individual child so that a sense of belonging is fostered. Items that represent diversity will benefit all children in the ECEC setting. Display pictures of children and their families around the classroom. Pictures should be displayed at the children’s level, so that they can see the images whenever they wish. When the children look at such images, there is an opportunity for them to chat about similarities and differences. Provide a wide range of children’s books that show images of diverse people and their lives. Recent books are unlikely to have stereotypical roles seen in books from previous times. Many books will provide pictures of children from minority groups; children will be curious about pictures with other childr en in them. Pre-school regulations. Early childhood care and education services are regulated by legally binding requirements. These are the Pre-school Regulations, which first appeared in 1996 and have been updated with effect from January 2007. The main purpose of these regulations is to ensure that standards are in place to safeguard the health and welfare of children in pre-school services and to promote their development through the provision of developmentally and culturally appropriate materials, experiences, activities and interactions. The Child Care (Pre-School Services) (No 2) Regulations 2006 and the Child Care (Pre-School Services) (No 2) (Amendment) Regulations 2006 are made under Part VII of the Child Care Act 1991 and prescribe the measures which must be in place to meet the requirements of the Act. The Regulations include an Explanatory Guide to Requirements and Procedures for Notification and Inspection which offers guidance on good practice in relation to areas covered by the Regulations which include the following: Health, welfare and development of the child A person carrying on a pre-school service shall ensure that each child’s learning, development and well-being is facilitated within the daily life of the service through the provision of the appropriate opportunities, experiences, activities, interaction, materials and equipment, having regard  to the age and stage of development of the child and the child’s cultural context. First aid and medical assistance There should be a suitably equipped first-aid box for children and arrangements to call medical assistance in an emergency. Management and staffing The law makes provision that a person carrying out a pre-school service must ensure that a sufficient number of suitable and competent adults are working directly with the children at all times. (â€Å"Suitable and competent†adults are adults aged over 18 with adequate appropriate experience in caring for children under 6 years and/or who have appropriate qualifications to care for these children). There should be appropriate vetting of all staff, students and volunteers who have access to a child by obtaining references and Garda vetting. *When a full day care service also takes children not on a full day basis, sessional service adult numbers apply. Note: The above ratios may not apply if the service is participating in the Early Childhood Care and Education Scheme. The Child and Family Agency can limit the maximum number of pre-school children who may be catered for at the same time. This provision is aimed at preventing over-crowding in pre-school services. If the Child and Family Agency proposes to limit numbers, the provider will be notified and has the opportunity to appeal or make representations about this decision. Behaviour management Anyone providing a pre-school childcare service should ensure that no corporal punishment is inflicted on any child attending the service. There should be written policies and procedures to deal with and to manage a child’s challenging behaviour and to assist the child to manage his or her behaviour. Register of pre-school children A pre-school childcare provider should keep a register with details of each child attending the service including name, date of birth, contact numbers for parents and child’s doctors. Information for parents Parents should be given information about the service including details of the person in charge and other staff, the adult/child ratios, the maximum numbers and age range of the children, the type of care, facilities, opening hours and fees. Premises and facilities Pre-school services (including child-minders, drop-in centres, crà ¨ches, etc.) are obliged to ensure their standards meet certain standards and provide certain facilities. These rules include ensuring that: The premises are of sound and stable structure and are suitable for providing pre-school services Adequate space per child is provided in the premises Fixtures, premises and fittings are kept in a proper state of repair and in a clean and hygienic condition and protected from infestation Furniture, work and play surfaces are clean, suitable, non-toxic and retained in a proper state of repair. There are adequate and suitable facilities for a pre-school child to rest and to play indoors and outdoors during the day Pre-school childcare providers are required to ensure that the building has suitable and adequate heating, ventilation and lighting; sanitary accommodation, waste storage and disposal Safety measures Adequate arrangements must be in place for extinguishing fires. Staff must be trained in use of equipment. Staff and pre-school children should know evacuation and other procedures. All heat-emitting surfaces in the premises have fixed guards or are thermostatically controlled. Gardens and play areas are fenced and doors and gates secured to prevent children straying. Ponds, pits and other hazards are fenced to ensure children’s safety. Food and drink A pre-school service should ensure that suitable, sufficient, nutritious and varied food is available for a pre-school child attending the service and there should be adequate and suitable facilities for the storage, preparation, cooking and serving of food, and adequate and suitable eating utensils. Handwashing, wash-up and sterilising facilities should be provided. The Department of Health’s Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Pre-School Services (pdf) advise that children in day care for more than 5 hours per session (full day care) should be offered at least 2 snacks and 2 meals, including one hot meal. Insurance The provider should ensure that the pre-school children are adequately insured against injury while attending the service. ECEC Services Currently Available in Ireland. The types of ECEC services currently available in Ireland can be organised under these headings; Sessional services – which provide ECEC services for a set period of time during the day. E.g. 9am-1pm. Full time services- which provide ECEC services throughout the day. Part-time services – which provide ECEC services for a total of 3.5 hours and less than 5 hours a day. Sessional services include; Playgroups Montessori schools Naà ­onraà ­ Early start Pre-school for traveller children Pre-schools for children with special needs Parent and toddler groups Full-time services include; Creches Day care centres Nurseries Occupations within the childcare sector. Nursery nurses Playgroup leaders Educational/special needs assistants Childcare manager/supervisor Montessori teacher Child-minder Au pair Nanny Childcare manager. These practitioners ensure that the care and education of the children is being maintained at all times. They take care of any issues that arise and they are in direct contact with parents. They are responsible for the day-to-day running of the childcare facility. This role requires childcare qualifications as well as experience in the area. The role also requires excellent interpersonal and organisation skills and the ability to manage a team of employees. A career plan. Short term goals. My current short term goals are to complete this QQI level 5 childcare  course. I aim to get 8 distinctions so I can go onto third level after in September. I finish this course on the 8th of May. For the summer I hope to get a part-time job somewhere working with children. In September I hope to attend Cork Institute of Technology to study early year’s education. This course is a three year course with a level 7 degree. Between now and September I hope to gain loads of experience with working with children as I feel I learn better by gaining practical experience. Within the next few months, I also hope to have completed a first aid course as it is essential to be trained in first aid when working with children also it looks good on your curriculum vitae. Medium term goals. In September I hope to attend Cork Institute of Technology to begin studying Early year’s education which is a duration of three years and you qualify with a level 7 degree. As this course will take up a lot of my time, I won’t have enough time for a full time job. I will need to fund my way through college though, so every chance I get I will be working, be it baby sitting or working in a restaurant. I would certainly rather it be a job working with children as the more experience I get the better knowledge and understanding of the work in a childcare setting I will have. During these three years in college I hope to do a lot of charity work also, for child line, Barnardos and maybe even the Jack and Jill foundation, again all of this would be a great experience but also it would feel wonderful to be a part of trying to make disadvantaged children’s lives a bit better. Long term goals. Hopefully in 2018 I’ll b graduating from Cork Institute of Technology with my level 7 degree in early year’s education. When I have graduated and have my degree I hope to take a year out and go Au pairing in America, I’m very interested in it and I have done a lot of research on it but I think right now I am a bit too young and I will wait until I have got my degree and I’m that little bit older. My heart is set on Au pairing, I think it would be a fantastic experience and also it would look very good on my Curriculum Vitae. When I come back after my year Au pairing, I would love to do some work with special needs children, be it volunteer work or a Special needs  assistant in a school. So hopefully in five years, I will have that job as a S.N.A. If I don’t find a job to work with special needs I would gladly go and find work in a Montessori. From there on in roughly ten years I would love to have my own Montessori open and running and also be doi ng some volunteer work when I have the time. Challenges to achieving goals. Of course I would love to reach and achieve my goals but with these goals also comes a lot of challenges. For me to be able to move onto third level education in September, a lot of time and study has to go into my assignments and my exams. Trying to achieve distinctions in all modules will be the most challenging. With hard work and dedication I feel I will be able to achieve these goals. Time is a huge challenging factor in achieving some of these goals. As I’ve so much to do and very little time to get it all done. Before I complete this course I hope to have also completed a first aid course, but this will also be difficult as I will have many assignments to do along with study for exams. I will have to have all my assignments handed up on time but also put a lot of effort into them to try and achieve my distinctions. As I want to do a lot of volunteer work, time is also a challenge, as I have a lot of study to do and hopefully a job to be committed to, I really would love to do some volunteer work but again I’ll have to wait and see how I am doing with college and work. Money is also an issue with achieving these goals, as you know college is very expensive and I will be a full time student so it will be quite difficult to fund myself sufficiently. I will have to work twice as hard with every opportunity I get to earn money. I will have to look for a good job with good pay which is quite challenging and also be able to balance college and work will be difficult. For my long term goals, there definitely will be challenges I will meet along the way. A huge challenge will be money. If I want to do some extra course that I may not plan on doing now, it could add up to a lot of money, especially when my dream is to open and run my own Montessori. Even though this is a long term goal and is many years away, I will probably have to start saving for a rainy day which will hopefully end up going towards opening my own Montessori. Education and training needs. For me to become a fully Montessori teacher I need a level 7 qualification. This qualification will allow me to open up my own Montessori. With a level 6 degree it will only allow me to work in the Montessori and be a room leader. Education is essential for wanting to work in a Montessori or any childcare facility for that matter and also to be able to open and run your own care setting. A qualification is your number one priority you need for working in a childcare facility. Also Garda vetting is essential. Without your Garda vetting being cleared there will be no chance you will be allowed work in a childcare setting. There must be a staff member on the premises at all times who is qualified in first aid. So it is vital that when wanting to work in a childcare setting that you are somehow qualified in first aid and that you do a refreshers course every two years. In a lot of childcare settings there is a kitchen for cooking and preparing hot food for the children that are there for long days, so for working in a childcare setting it’s essential to have a H.A.C.C.P (hazard analysis critical control point) course done. This course makes you more aware of food hygiene in the setting and helps you prevent cross contamination and food disease in the childcare setting. Bibliography. Flood, E., 2013, child development, FETAC levels 5&6, Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/education/pre_school_education_and_childcare/health_safety_and_welfare_of_preschool_childcare_services.html 1st February 2015.